Energy Storage 101 - Revision history

TaylorKelly: /* Drivers for Energy Storage */

2024-12-13T05:47:25Z

Drivers for Energy Storage

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:47, 13 December 2024
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	==Drivers for Energy Storage==		==Drivers for Energy Storage==
	There are various factors and forces that are currently driving the adoption of energy storage and influencing the current energy storage landscape throughout the world. Since 2018, the size and duration of projects has generally increased. Announcements for new battery energy storage sites planned over the next 2-3 years have grown — now, individual sites may host hundreds of megawatts and nearly a gigawatt-hour each. By the end of 2018, battery energy storage had been deployed in nearly every region of the U.S. under a variety of ownership models. IPPs owned most of the power capacity, providing market services for ISOs like PJM and ERCOT. Conversely, IOUs owned most of the energy capacity, serving needs such as renewable firming and load shifting in places like California and New England. <ref>Helman U, Kaun B, and Stekli J (2020) "[https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenrg.2020.539752/full Development of Long-Duration Energy Storage Projects in Electric Power Systems in the United States: A Survey of Factors Which Are Shaping the Market]"</ref>		There are various factors and forces that are currently driving the adoption of energy storage and influencing the current energy storage landscape throughout the world. Since 2018, the size and duration of projects has generally increased. Announcements for new battery energy storage sites planned over the next 2-3 years have grown — now, individual sites may host hundreds of megawatts and nearly a gigawatt-hour each. By the end of 2018, battery energy storage had been deployed in nearly every region of the U.S. under a variety of ownership models. IPPs owned most of the power capacity, providing market services for ISOs like PJM and ERCOT. Conversely, IOUs owned most of the energy capacity, serving needs such as renewable firming and load shifting in places like California and New England. <ref>Helman U, Kaun B, and Stekli J (2020) "[https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenrg.2020.539752/full Development of Long-Duration Energy Storage Projects in Electric Power Systems in the United States: A Survey of Factors Which Are Shaping the Market]"</ref>
	[[File:~~Global_ES_by_technology~~.~~PNG~~\|none\|thumb\|~~900px~~\|Global deployments of energy storage installations by technology. Data Source: ~~CNESA~~<ref>~~China~~ Energy Storage ~~Alliance (CNESA):~~ "[https://en.~~cnesa~~.org/~~latest-news/2020/9/26~~/~~cnesa~~-~~global~~-~~energy~~-~~storage-market-analysis2020q2-summary Global Energy Storage Market Analysis—2020.Q2 (Summary)~~]"</ref>]]
			[[File:2024esCapacity.png\|none\|thumb\|400px\|Global deployments of energy storage installations by technology, as of October 2024. Data Source: Wood Mackenzie's Energy Storage Project Database, Sandia National Laboratory <ref>"[https://gesdb.sandia.gov/index.html US DOE Global Energy Storage Database]"</ref>, and International Hydropower Association <ref>"[https://www.hydropower.org/publications/2024-world-hydropower-outlook 2024 World Hydropower Outlook]"</ref>]]

	===Decreases in Technology Costs===		===Decreases in Technology Costs===

Egiarta: /* Safety */

2024-06-10T19:44:33Z

Safety

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:44, 10 June 2024
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	===Safety===		===Safety===
	Energy storage safety should be considered across the entire project lifecycle~~, and hazards~~ and situations that require more dedicated planning and execution to maintain safe operations should be identified and reviewed often.		Energy storage safety should be considered across the entire project lifecycle. Hazards and situations that require more dedicated planning and execution to maintain safe operations should be identified and reviewed often.

	====Safety Challenges====		====Safety Challenges====

Egiarta: /* Safety */

2024-06-10T19:43:53Z

Safety

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:43, 10 June 2024
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	===Safety===		===Safety===
	Energy storage safety should be considered across the entire project lifecycle.		Energy storage safety should be considered across the entire project lifecycle, and hazards and situations that require more dedicated planning and execution to maintain safe operations should be identified and reviewed often.

	====Safety Challenges====		====Safety Challenges====

Egiarta at 17:10, 14 May 2024

2024-05-14T17:10:18Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:10, 14 May 2024
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	[[File:Us_Fed_Regulation.png\|none\|thumb\|800px\|Overview of recent energy storage related Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) orders. <br>		[[File:Us_Fed_Regulation.png\|none\|thumb\|800px\|Overview of recent energy storage related Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) orders. <br>
	<sup>1</sup>Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Hybrid Power Plants: Status of Installed and Proposed Projects.<ref>Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Hybrid Power Plants: Status of Installed and Proposed Projects</ref>]]		<sup>1</sup>Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Hybrid Power Plants: Status of Installed and Proposed Projects.<ref>Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Hybrid Power Plants: Status of Installed and Proposed Projects</ref>]]


	====U.S. State Policy====		====U.S. State Policy====
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	*'''Resource Plans''': State agencies or regulators fund studies or direct utilities to create an energy plan with consideration of storage. Many utilities and states included storage in their resource plan even if not directed to by regulators (not shown on the figure).		*'''Resource Plans''': State agencies or regulators fund studies or direct utilities to create an energy plan with consideration of storage. Many utilities and states included storage in their resource plan even if not directed to by regulators (not shown on the figure).
	*'''Incentives''': Legislators created economic incentives (e.g., rebates or subsidies) for deploying storage.		*'''Incentives''': Legislators created economic incentives (e.g., rebates or subsidies) for deploying storage.


	[[File:Es101driver10.png\|none\|thumb\|800px\|States are taking varying approaches to energy storage deployment.<ref>Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL): [https://energystorage.pnnl.gov/regulatoryactivities.asp Energy Storage Policy Database]</ref>]]		[[File:Es101driver10.png\|none\|thumb\|800px\|States are taking varying approaches to energy storage deployment.<ref>Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL): [https://energystorage.pnnl.gov/regulatoryactivities.asp Energy Storage Policy Database]</ref>]]
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	* '''Backup Resource:''' Energy storage can act as a reservoir for energy which can be saved and used when it is needed. If electric power service is disrupted and energy storage is connected to a critical load, the load can use the energy reserve to ride out the disruption.		* '''Backup Resource:''' Energy storage can act as a reservoir for energy which can be saved and used when it is needed. If electric power service is disrupted and energy storage is connected to a critical load, the load can use the energy reserve to ride out the disruption.
	* '''Power Quality Resource:''' Energy storage can be used to affect the voltage or the VARs at a particular point on the grid. This can be accomplished by energy storage systems that have inverters that are capable of "4 quadrant" operation. This functionality enables the inverter and storage system to either produce or absorb VARs which can affect the voltage voltage around the point of interconnection.		* '''Power Quality Resource:''' Energy storage can be used to affect the voltage or the VARs at a particular point on the grid. This can be accomplished by energy storage systems that have inverters that are capable of "4 quadrant" operation. This functionality enables the inverter and storage system to either produce or absorb VARs which can affect the voltage voltage around the point of interconnection.


	====Transmission-Connected and Bulk Energy Storage====		====Transmission-Connected and Bulk Energy Storage====
	The figure below provides a list of the services that energy storage can provide at the transmission or bulk energy storage level (generally 10MW or more). These include generation capacity (sometimes called resource adequacy), flexible capacity (sometimes called flexible resource adequacy), virtual transmission capacity (support transmission reliability or alleviate congestion), energy time shift, ancillary services, black start, and frequency response. This section provides more detail.		The figure below provides a list of the services that energy storage can provide at the transmission or bulk energy storage level (generally 10MW or more). These include generation capacity (sometimes called resource adequacy), flexible capacity (sometimes called flexible resource adequacy), virtual transmission capacity (support transmission reliability or alleviate congestion), energy time shift, ancillary services, black start, and frequency response. This section provides more detail.

	[[File:Transmission Sited Storage Applications.png\|none\|thumb\|650px]]		[[File:Transmission Sited Storage Applications.png\|none\|thumb\|650px]]

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	=====Performance Attributes=====		=====Performance Attributes=====
	This section will describe a few of the many energy storage performance attributes that should be considered. For a more ~~exhaistive~~ resource please visit the [https://www.epri.com/research/products/000000003002013530 ESIC Energy Storage Test Manual], it is free to the public.		This section will describe a few of the many energy storage performance attributes that should be considered. For a more exhaustive resource please visit the [https://www.epri.com/research/products/000000003002013530 ESIC Energy Storage Test Manual], it is free to the public.

	'''Efficiency''': Ratio of the delivered discharge energy to the delivered charge energy, including facility parasitic loads. Many factors impact a system's measured efficiency:		'''Efficiency''': Ratio of the delivered discharge energy to the delivered charge energy, including facility parasitic loads. Many factors impact a system's measured efficiency:
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	[[File:Efficiency.PNG\|none\|thumb\|500px\|A breakdown of some of the energy inefficiencies that may affect a technology's overall efficiency]]		[[File:Efficiency.PNG\|none\|thumb\|500px\|A breakdown of some of the energy inefficiencies that may affect a technology's overall efficiency]]

	'''Response Time and Ramp Rate''': Some energy storage technologies are able to respond quickly to dynamic control ~~sugnals~~ while others require more time to ramp up and respond with accurate output. Fast acting energy storage systems may perform dynamic grid services (like frequency regulation) better than conventional alternatives.		'''Response Time and Ramp Rate''': Some energy storage technologies are able to respond quickly to dynamic control signals while others require more time to ramp up and respond with accurate output. Fast acting energy storage systems may perform dynamic grid services (like frequency regulation) better than conventional alternatives.

	[[File:ResponseTime.PNG\|none\|thumb\|650px\|Due to their inherently low inertia, some inverter based energy storage technologies are able to react quickly to control commands.]]		[[File:ResponseTime.PNG\|none\|thumb\|650px\|Due to their inherently low inertia, some inverter based energy storage technologies are able to react quickly to control commands.]]
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	=====Safety=====		=====Safety=====
	Storing large amounts of energy in a confined space leads to a number of safety risks including fire, chemical, electrical, or physical hazards. Different technologies will have their own inherent safety risks or benefits depending on the mechanisms used to store energy. The safety of a system depends heavily upon proper planning and integration early on in a storage project. For help assessing fire risks, please refer to the [https://www.epri.com/research/products/000000003002017136 ESIC Fire Hazard Mitigation Analysis], it is free to the public.		Storing large amounts of energy in a confined space leads to a number of safety risks including fire, chemical, electrical, or physical hazards. Different technologies will have their own inherent safety risks or benefits depending on the mechanisms used to store energy. The safety of a system depends heavily upon proper planning and integration early on in a storage project. For help assessing fire risks, please refer to the [https://www.epri.com/research/products/000000003002017136 ESIC Fire Hazard Mitigation Analysis], it is free to the public.

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	===Survey of Technologies===		===Survey of Technologies===
	Storage technologies can be grouped into a few categories based on the mechanism that is used to convert and store energy. The categories, with prominent examples, include:		Storage technologies can be grouped into a few categories based on the mechanism that is used to convert and store energy. The categories, with prominent examples, include:
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	<sup>1</sup>"The world’s water battery: Pumped hydropower storage and the clean energy transition", IHA, December 2018		<sup>1</sup>"The world’s water battery: Pumped hydropower storage and the clean energy transition", IHA, December 2018

	<sup>2</sup>[https://www.irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2020/Nov/IRENA_Innovation_Outlook_TES_2020.pdf "Global building and district cooling capacity", IRENA]		<sup>2</sup>[https://www.irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2020/Nov/IRENA_Innovation_Outlook_TES_2020.pdf "Global building and district cooling capacity", IRENA]

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	===Research and Resources at EPRI===		===Research and Resources at EPRI===

Egiarta at 16:44, 14 May 2024

2024-05-14T16:44:52Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:44, 14 May 2024
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	~~{{DISPLAYTITLE:{{SUBPAGENAME}}}}~~
	[[File:ES 101 Intro.PNG\|right\|567px]]		[[File:ES 101 Intro.PNG\|right\|567px]]
	This content is intended to provide an introductory overview to the industry drivers of energy storage, energy storage technologies, economics, and integration and deployment considerations. ES 101 may be helpful for bringing new stakeholders up to speed on the energy storage landscape.		This content is intended to provide an introductory overview to the industry drivers of energy storage, energy storage technologies, economics, and integration and deployment considerations. ES 101 may be helpful for bringing new stakeholders up to speed on the energy storage landscape.
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	[[File:Es101driver10.png\|none\|thumb\|800px\|States are taking varying approaches to energy storage deployment.<ref>Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL): [https://energystorage.pnnl.gov/regulatoryactivities.asp Energy Storage Policy Database]</ref>]]		[[File:Es101driver10.png\|none\|thumb\|800px\|States are taking varying approaches to energy storage deployment.<ref>Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL): [https://energystorage.pnnl.gov/regulatoryactivities.asp Energy Storage Policy Database]</ref>]]

	~~{{DISPLAYTITLE: Energy Storage {{SUBPAGENAME}}}}~~
	==Energy Storage Economics==		==Energy Storage Economics==
	An economic analysis of energy storage systems should clearly articulate what major components are included in the scope of cost. The schematic below shows the major components of an energy storage system. System components consist of batteries, power conversion system, transformer, switchgear, and monitoring and control. A proper economic analysis identifies the costs associated with each of these components.		An economic analysis of energy storage systems should clearly articulate what major components are included in the scope of cost. The schematic below shows the major components of an energy storage system. System components consist of batteries, power conversion system, transformer, switchgear, and monitoring and control. A proper economic analysis identifies the costs associated with each of these components.

Egiarta at 16:31, 14 May 2024

2024-05-14T16:31:00Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:31, 14 May 2024
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			{{DISPLAYTITLE:{{SUBPAGENAME}}}}
	[[File:ES 101 Intro.PNG\|right\|567px]]		[[File:ES 101 Intro.PNG\|right\|567px]]
	This content is intended to provide an introductory overview to the industry drivers of energy storage, energy storage technologies, economics, and integration and deployment considerations. ES 101 may be helpful for bringing new stakeholders up to speed on the energy storage landscape.		This content is intended to provide an introductory overview to the industry drivers of energy storage, energy storage technologies, economics, and integration and deployment considerations. ES 101 may be helpful for bringing new stakeholders up to speed on the energy storage landscape.

Egiarta at 16:29, 14 May 2024

2024-05-14T16:29:23Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:29, 14 May 2024
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	[[File:ES 101 Intro.PNG\|right\|~~400px~~]]		[[File:ES 101 Intro.PNG\|right\|567px]]
	This content is intended to provide an introductory overview to the industry drivers of energy storage, energy storage technologies, economics, and integration and deployment considerations. ES 101 may be helpful for bringing new stakeholders up to speed on the energy storage landscape.		This content is intended to provide an introductory overview to the industry drivers of energy storage, energy storage technologies, economics, and integration and deployment considerations. ES 101 may be helpful for bringing new stakeholders up to speed on the energy storage landscape.

Egiarta at 16:29, 14 May 2024

2024-05-14T16:29:02Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:29, 14 May 2024
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	[[File:ES 101 Intro.PNG\|right\|400px]]		[[File:ES 101 Intro.PNG\|right\|400px]]
	This content is intended to provide an introductory overview to the ~~[[Energy Storage 101/Drivers and Big Picture\|~~industry drivers of energy storage]], ~~[[Energy Storage 101/Technologies\|~~energy storage technologies]], ~~[[Energy Storage 101/Economics\|~~economics]], and ~~[[Energy Storage 101/Integration and Deployment\|~~integration and deployment]] considerations. ES 101 may be helpful for bringing new stakeholders up to speed on the energy storage landscape.		This content is intended to provide an introductory overview to the industry drivers of energy storage, energy storage technologies, economics, and integration and deployment considerations. ES 101 may be helpful for bringing new stakeholders up to speed on the energy storage landscape.

	The content is based on EPRI's Energy Storage 101 training courses. We will continue to build out the content with up-to-date content. If you have any suggestions, please email [mailto:eminear@epri.com Erin Minear].		The content is based on EPRI's Energy Storage 101 training courses. We will continue to build out the content with up-to-date content. If you have any suggestions, please email [mailto:eminear@epri.com Erin Minear].

Egiarta: /* Energy Storage Integration and Deployment */

2024-05-14T16:27:22Z

Energy Storage Integration and Deployment

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:27, 14 May 2024
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	==Energy Storage Integration and Deployment==		==Energy Storage Integration and Deployment==

	There are many things that must be considered to successfully deploy an energy storage system. These include:		There are many things that must be considered to successfully deploy an energy storage system. These include:
	*'''Storage Technology Implications'''		*'''Storage Technology Implications'''

Egiarta: /* Energy Storage Integration and Deployment */

2024-05-14T16:27:06Z

Energy Storage Integration and Deployment

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:27, 14 May 2024
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	* Disparate perspectives of diverse stakeholders expose gaps in responsibility		* Disparate perspectives of diverse stakeholders expose gaps in responsibility
	* Lagging communication and education of stakeholders		* Lagging communication and education of stakeholders


	====Safety Codes and Standards====		====Safety Codes and Standards====