Lithium Ion Batteries
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Basic Technology Characteristics
An image showing the general chemical structure of a lithium ion cell. Image Source: The Economist (2002)[1] | |
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How it Works: | Shuttle lithium ions (Li+) between cathode (+) and anode (-). Fully charged when Lithium ions are fully intercalated in the anode. |
Benefits: |
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Challenges: |
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Technology Variations: | Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP),
Nickel Manganese Cobalt (NMC), Nickel Cobalt Aluminum Oxide (NCA), Lithium Titanate Oxide (LTO) |
Applications: | Diverse applications from minutes to hours duration and from small scale residential to transmission connected. |
AC RTE Efficiency: | 80-92% |
Cycle Life: | 3,000 - 10,000 cycles
10 - 20 years |
Technology Readiness Level (TRL): | 9 - Deployed |
Installed Capacity: | >10 GW |
- ↑ The Economist: Hooked On Lithium (Jun. 22nd 2002)