Difference between revisions of "Flow Batteries"

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  Has How it Works Description=Liquid anode (anolyte) and cathode (catholyte), electrolytes flow through reaction cell and charge transfer occurs at a membrane
  Has How it Works Description=Liquid anode (anolyte) and cathode (catholyte). Electrolytes flow through reaction cell and charge transfer occurs at a membrane. Vanadium-based chemistry is most mature, other chemistries being developed.
 
  |Has Varieties=Vanadium Redox  
  |Has Varieties=Vanadium Redox  


Zinc Bromine  
Zinc Bromine  


coupled iron-chrome  
Coupled iron-chrome  
 
Zinc/Chlorine


zinc/chlorine
Organic
  |Has Efficiency Range=45-75%
  |Has Efficiency Range=50-75%
  |Has Cycle Life=10,000-100,000 cycles
  |Has Cycle Life=20 years, >100,000 cycles (claimed)
  |Has Maturity Level=Demonstration, early deployment, continued R&D
  |Has Technology readiness level=8 - deployed (for Vanadium redox). Early deployment / continued R&D.
  |Has Benefits=*Power (reactor size) decoupled from Energy (tank size)
  |Has Benefits=* Power (reactor size) decoupled from Energy (tank size)
*May have long cycle life
* Limited impact of cycling on degradation
  |Has Challenges=*Lower energy density
* Higher fire safety than lithium ion
*Added components with pumping
  |Has Challenges=* Lower energy density
  |Has Application=Energy shifting, potential for longer duration (4+ hours) applications
* Potential environmental spill risk
* OK to poor efficiency observed to-date
* Added system complexity with pumps etc.
  |Has Application=Energy shifting for renewable integration, T&D deferral, potential for longer duration  
  |Has image=File:FlowBattery.PNG
  |Has image=File:FlowBattery.PNG
|Has Installed Capacity=~100 MW
}}
}}

Latest revision as of 16:33, 22 December 2021

Basic Technology CharacteristicsSMW-Info-button.png

FlowBattery.PNG

How it Works: Liquid anode (anolyte) and cathode (catholyte). Electrolytes flow through reaction cell and charge transfer occurs at a membrane. Vanadium-based chemistry is most mature, other chemistries being developed.
Benefits:
  • Power (reactor size) decoupled from Energy (tank size)
  • Limited impact of cycling on degradation
  • Higher fire safety than lithium ion
Challenges:
  • Lower energy density
  • Potential environmental spill risk
  • OK to poor efficiency observed to-date
  • Added system complexity with pumps etc.
Technology Variations: Vanadium Redox

Zinc Bromine

Coupled iron-chrome

Zinc/Chlorine

Organic

Applications: Energy shifting for renewable integration, T&D deferral, potential for longer duration
AC RTE Efficiency: 50-75%
Cycle Life: 20 years, >100,000 cycles (claimed)
Technology Readiness Level (TRL): 8 - deployed (for Vanadium redox). Early deployment / continued R&D.
Installed Capacity: ~100 MW